47)+Grapevine

=Grapevine=

//Vitis vinifera// Vitaceae

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Classification:
Angiosperm Dicot Diecious

Family characteristics:
Flower: Bisexual or unisexual Leaves: palmately-veined or compound, heart-shaped and variously lobed Fruit: berry, 1 to 4 seeds Vitis vinifera are woody climbing plants.
 * Petals: 4 or 5, free or united (not persistent)
 * Sepals: 4 or 5
 * Stamens: 4 or 5, opposite petals

Size:
Grapevines can grow up to 15 meters with girths up to 15 inches around. The plant on the Da Vinci campus is over 3 meters tall.

Identifying features:
The grapevine plant on the Da Vinci campus is over 3 meters tall and continues to climb onto the phone lines. It is a decidious climber, which can grow up to 15 meters at a fast rate. It is well spread along a fence bordering the campus parking lot. The main area of growth is along a wooden arch structure on the residential side of the fence making it difficult to see a large portion of the plant. The bark that is within view is between 1 and 5 centimeters in girth with a rough, flaky texture and is light brown in color. The leaves are simple, alternate, palmate, cordate, and doubly-serrated. The younger leaves are more translucent, shiny, and waxy than the mature leaves. The younger leaves are also a brighter, lighter shade of green while the mature leaves are a darker green. The flowers are currently not in bloom, usually blooms from May to July, but the buds appear in clusters. A few plants present in the surrounding area are Japanese Privet, Holly Oak, and Chinese Hackberry. The grapevine is visually appealing and provides a delicious fruit that has a variety of uses. It would be nice if this plant was more visible on campus because it would add an appealing aesthetic to the school.

Location/Habitat:
Grapevines can be found in Asia, Central and Southern Europe, Greece, Australia, Africa, and California. In every habitat diseases to be aware of are black rot, the most destructive fungus disease of grapes, downy mildew and powdery mildew. Insect pests to be aware of are grape berry moth, grape flea beetle, grapevine beetle, sphinx caterpillar, grape root worm and Japanese beetle.

Water/Sun Requirements:
Vitis vinifera (grapevine) is flexible to different living conditions. The grapevine thrives in a hardiness zone from 6-9 and is frost tender. It likes light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and needs well-drained soil. It prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It likes dry or moist soil.

Reproduction:
Vitis vinifera flower from May to July and the seeds ripen from September to October. The flowers are hermaphrodites and dieocious meaning that they have both male and female parts. They are pollinated by insects, which is their main form of reproduction.Once the flower of a grapevine is pollinated, seeds develop. Once those seeds find fertile soil they can grow into new grapevines. Grapevines can also reproduce by Propagation, which is where the branchlike section of the grapevine called a cane can be cut and planted in controlled nursery environments to produce new plants. These can eventually be transplanted into a vineyard or other outdoor location. The fruit of a grapevine is botanically considered a berry. A berry is a single fleshy fruit without a pit, but contains multiple seeds. Other examples of a berry are cantaloupe, kiwi, and banana.

Additional Information:
A fun fact about the grapevine is that the seeds and leaves are astringent and have a medicinal use to stop hemorrhages and bleeding.

Sources:
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Created by: Kendra Smith